References

1

D.W.O. Rogers, B.A. Faddegon, G.X. Ding, C.-M. Ma, J. Wei and T.R. Mackie, ``BEAM: A Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units,'' Med. Phys. 22 (5) (1995).

2

G.X. Ding, D.W.O. Rogers, and T.R. Mackie, ``Electron beam spectra from different accelerators in radiotherapy,'' Med. Phys. 21 (abs) 1364 (1994).

3

J.O. Deasy, ``Electron energy and angular distributions in radiotherapy,'' PhD Thesis University of Kentucky (1992).

4

A.F. Bielajew, and P.E. Weibe, ``EGS-Windows - A Graphical Interface to EGS,'' NRCC Report: PIRS-0274 (1991).

5

D.W.O. Rogers and A.F. Bielajew, ``Monte Carlo techniques of electron and photon transport for radiation dosimetry,'' in ``The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation'',Vol III, eds. K.R. Kase, B.E. Bjarngard, and F.H. Attix, (Academic Press) 427 - 539 (1990).

6

G.X. Ding, D.W.O. Rogers and T.R. Mackie, ``Calculation of stopping-power ratios using realistic clinical electron beams,'' Med. Phys. 22(5) (1995).

7

A.F. Bielajew and D.W.O. Rogers, ``PRESTA: The Parameter Reduced Electron-Step Transport Algorithm for Electron Monte Carlo Transport,'' Nuclear Instruments and Methods B18 165 - 181 (1987).

8

G.X. Ding, D.W.O. Rogers and T.R. Mackie, ``Mean energy, energy-range relationships and depth-scaling factors for clinical electron beams,'' submitted to Med. Phys. (April, 1995).

9

C.K. Ross and K.R. Shortt, ``Energy Calibration of the 90-B Beam Line of the IRS Linac,'' NRC Report Report PIRS-0021 (1985).

10

G.X. Ding, D.W.O. Rogers, C.K. Ross, J.S. Wei, A.F. Bielajew, B.A.Faddegon, T.R. Mackie, P. Jursinic and J. Deasy, ``Measured vs Monte Carlo calculated electron beam dose distributions,'' Med. Phys. 20 (abs) 933 (1993).

11

A. Kassaee, M.D. Altschuler, S. Ayyalasomayajula and P. Bloch, ``Influence of cone design on electron beam characteristics on clinical accelerators,'' Med. Phys. 21 1671 - 1676 (1994).

12

M. Udale, ``A Monte Carlo investigation of surface doses for broad electron beams,'' Phys. Med. Biol. 33 939 - 954 (1988).

13

M. Udale-Smith, ``A Monte Carlo Investigation of High Energy Electron Beams Used in Radiotherapy,'' PhD Thesis, Leeds University (1990).

14

M. Udale, ``Monte Carlo calculations of electron beam parameters for three Philips linear accelerators,'' Phys. Med. Biol. 37 85 - 105 (1992).

15

G.X. Ding, D.W.O. Rogers, J. Cygler and T.R. Mackie, ``Electron fluence correction factors used in conversion of dose measured in plastic to dose in water,'' submitted to Med. Phys. (April, 1995).